Electrical machine



, May 8, 1923. 1,454,833

L. A. DARLING ELECTRI CAL MACHINE Filed Avril 30 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet 1May 8, 1923. 1,454,833

L. A. DARLING ELECTRICAL MACHINE Fild' April 30 1919 2 Sheots-Shut 2 FIGI Fj'nventoz I Lewis fiiflarling,

W tt namesa- Patented May 3, U N l T E l LEWIS A. DARLING, (if? SERVICESUEPPL Application filed.

To all whom it may concern: Belt known tiat l, Lewis a citizen of theUnited I the city and county of Philadcl State of Pcnnsylvania her i..ftl'i tain new and useful Improves trical Machines, whereof the zohspecification reference being; had accompanying drawings.

li l invention relates to clot" chines (such as motors and gene; theiraccessory parts, and especially to armature and shaft mounting of suchchines. it is my aim to provide for fective ventilation of the rinatureby sage or circulation of air therethrough; mount the armature on theshaft in a n ner at once stable, secure, and admitii its easy removalupon occasion; to mount the shaft itsel' in its bearings in such wise asto permit both its own removal an of the armature with minimum (-1 ofthe other parts of the mach facilitate, in various ways, the takingapart and adjustment of the machine and its parts and ready accessthereto. I also aim to se cure ruggedness, durability simpliciconstructicn and ease and cneapness ct:

1. anufacture. How the foregoing and e111 2: advantages can be realizedconnection with. my invention will appear from the de scriptionhereinafter of the best forn'i of embodiment at present known to me,while its scope and essentials will be ind cated in my claims.

The invention is of especial :nlva'ntz e under the severe operatingconditions of power generator sets for supplying; electric current tosteam locomotive headlights, both in respect to the vibration andswaying oi: the locomotive, and by reason of their being (usually)mounted on top oi the locomotive boiler. exposed to sulphnrous cases andto Cll'iClQI lRQ GH smoke. st oi. the features mentioned above are, itwill be seen. of special importance in such sets, in vii v of the heatand general inconvenience under which repair operations on them mustoften be carried out.

In the drawings, Fin. I, shows a mid sectional view through a generatorcoin structed in accordance with my invention, and especially adaptedfor locomotive headlight steam turbo-generator set.

E73 1 @FFME 1L 1. 1-15ac -l .i

* TO ELECTRIC A CQIt-PGRA- I. shows a cross-section of the armaont itsmiddle, as seen from the no armature whereby it is sl "1ft, slightlymodified as i lustratii'ig' the attach- L 1 securing means for retain-Drop-er position on the the generator casing no end to the frame or isteam turbine or the like Pie .zgenerator is driven. The main of thegenerator set extends into the h a journal bearing 3 of pered section 4,and

net therefrom) a re- 5, screwthreaded immey adgacent the ruper-odsection. At this i I A [:l ncrti of the sha t 2, is located the armatureproper 6 comprising the core coils, and a iated electrical parts.

His Will be seen from Figs. I, II, and III, i i :e (i, is mounted on theshaft 2, by means of a spider member internally to lit upon the taperedshaft secinternally screw-threaded to or even a. little loosely) upshaftsection 5. This the armature spider member and screw {freely on thethreading upon the s facilitates its engagement on the aper or squarelyand with 2st the desired tightness of fit to make it able and secure andalso aids greatly in initial brealting" me of the hold of the armatu eon the shaft when it is to be removed. The location of the threadsimmediately or c osely adjacent the tapered slia'lit section avoids riskof springing of the reduced shat section 5. in mounting the armature theshaft. The hub means of the spider member, it will be seen, is adaptedto it upon engage the tapered a persoective view of av spider anenlarged cross-section of a space-bar forming an end-wise view of theg'cnerashaft 2, only at zones substantially separated lengthwisethereof,-the hub means here shown comprising entirely separate hubportions 7 and 8, that are connected to gether only by the attachedspider bars 9 and 10, which extend lengthwise of the shaft and on whichthe armature core is mounted. The engagement of the spider on the shaft2, only at substantially separated points or zones allows the armature6, to be properly aligned and made perfectly rigid and stable on theshaft (as against rocking or wobbling, etc.) without the utmostrefinement of workmanship and finish. For purposes to be hereinafterexplained, the hub portions 7, has at its outer edge a flange 11, withan accurately beveled surface.

Still referring to Figs. 1, IT. and Ill, it will be seen that the bars 9and 10, are ar ranged in radial planes about the shaft and that each. ofthese bars has at one end (the left-hand end in Fig. I, and therighthand or commutator end in Fig. III) a lug 12, which affords anabutment shoulder 1 for determining the position of the laminatedarmature core 1 with its end plates 15and 16, etc., lengthwise of thespider me1nher. After being thus placed on the spider. the core 1%, isretained in proper position by securing means shown as having the formof pins 17, (see also Fig. IV) attached to the bars 9, 9, by beinginserted in radial holes 18, therein, and bent sidewise in transverseholes 19. that intersect said holes 13. The bars 9, 9, it will be seen,are made somewhat thicker than the bars 10, 10, in order to afford spacefor the holes 18; and this extra thickness also allows the edgewise orradial grooving of one of them to accommodate a key 20, (see Fig. 11)that engages in notches in the core laminations and so secures the core,etc., against angular displacement. As shown, the bars 9 and 1.0, are inopposed pairs arranged quadrant-wise and all provided with shoulders 13;but it will be understood that there may be considerable variation asregards number of bars and other particulars.

Referring, now, to Figs. I and II, it will be seen that the bars 9 and10, are of such radial width and of such substantially greater spreaddiametrically as compared with the shaft 2, and the hub means 7, 8, asto afford substantial ventilating space within the armature 6, so as topermit free passage of air therethrough around the shaft. The particulararmature shown ring-wound, and in order to permit free passage of airthrough the ventilating space atforded by the intervals between the bars9 and 10, the portions of the armature coils 2,1 which lie in theseintervals have a dimension radially of the armature materially less thanthe effective width of said bars/outside of the hub portions 7 8.

From Figs. 1 and Ill, it will be seen that the hub portion 8, has anextension 23, to the right of the spider proper that carries the usualcommutator 22, on which wipe the brushes 2i, 2.t,all these parts beingenclosed by a removable cover 25, on this end of the generator casing.The shaft section 5, it will be seen, protrudes a little outside of thehub extension-sleeve 23, for convenience in the use of a tachometer; butbeyond its threaded portion this shaft section 5, is loose in the sleeve23, and without function in the structure and normal operation of theapparatus. The commutator 21, it will be seen. is overhung withreference to the hearing 3, which is the outermost at the commutator endof the shaft 2.

Referring. now. to Fig. I. it will be seen that the beveled flange 11,on the hub portionT. of the spider member provides the shaft 2 with ashoulder at one end of the armature 6, for receiving the axial thrust oia shouldered sleeve 30, mounted on the shaft and free to move lengthwisethereof. The journal bearing 3, it will be seen, com- 9 prises astationary element 31, free to move axially 'in a bearing housing 32, inthe motor using 1, and a rotating element 33, mounted on the sleeve 30,and yieldingly urged against its shoulder by means of the helicalconlpression spring I'l-'l.which latter also urges said sleeve againstthe axial thrust shoulder 11. of the shaft 2. Thus the hall journalbearing 3. is kept in proper position with the necessary freedom forself- 10" adjustment. Grooves 35, in the sleeve 30, serve to distributeand circulate back through the bearing 3, any oil that enters this endof the housing 32, and the accurately beveled engaging surfaces at 11,105 prevent oil that works its way along the shaft 2, inside the sleeve30, from reaching the armature 6. A measure of protection to thearmature against oil outside the sleeve 3d. s afforded by the outerportion of the 1 flange 1]. The shell. portion of the generator casingis secured to the back or end plate containing the bearing housing 32,by bolts 39.

It will be seen that the brushes 24, and 115 generator terminals (ii arecarried and readily accessible on the outer side of the supportingstructure 38. which is detachably secured across the commutator end ofthe casing 1, at the inner end of the commutator, 120 and is here shownas having the form of an irregularly dished diaphragm plate with a.peripheral flange 11, seated against a corresponding shoulder 12. on thegenerator easing 1., and detachably secured (see Fig. V) 125 by means ofa. couple of screws 43. that take into lugs on the casing 1. Thisdiaphragm 38, has outward extending recess portions 44, that accommodatethe poles and field coils of the generator, As shown, the shaft 2, 130

a Kauai i will be seen, is positively connected to tlu newness 3 has nooutboard hearing, so that the commu tater 22, is overhung with respectto the hearing'B, which is thus (as already men tioned) the outermosthearing at this end 01? the shaft.

The brush holders d5, il-(3, on the outer side of the diaphragm 3S,insulatiyely mounted, and are each firmly and rigidly secured to thediaphragm by two screws ll, extending through holes in the mainbrushholder members. As shown, each brush holder is insulated from thediaphragm 38, by means of an inter osed plate or insulating fibre ot thesame shape as the brush holder and by insulating sleeyes in the brushholderholes and insulating washers under the heads of the screws 41?.'lhese brush holders 453, 6 being just alike, the description the holderl5, will sui'licc.

The main member of the brush holder to, (see Figs. V and VI) has guidingneans 4-8, for the loi'igitudinally sliding rec lar carbon brush 2%, andthe brush 1 urged endwise against the commutator 22, by a coiled flatspring 50, that acts cantilever-wise on the outer end of the hr At thecenter of the spring 50, is a po l holding part 51. The main holdernumber and the part 51 have correlative tllli'ldll'lllllug engagement'means here shown as consisting of the hexagonally polygonal end of thepart 01, and a corresponding; polygonal socket 52, in said main holdermember 45, and the part 51, is secured to the main holder member byscrew with its end engaged in the socket 52. The inside or fixed end ofthe spring 50, beii engaged in a notch 55s, in the part 51,

tension of the sprin and its pressure on i m r the brush 2%, can beadyusted by merely backing out the screw 53, sui'hciently to imit theengagement means at to be released so that the part 5L may be turned ora multiple angle. The brush 2 i main brush holder member is by aflexible lead 55, on the brush and a bindingscrew 56, taking into themember 45. The flexible field lead 57, of the brush 24:. is alsotastened to the binding screw 56. l einp; held in proper position byscrew-fastened clip 58, and penetratino' the diaphragm 38, through theventilamg opening; near its upper edge.

Near the lower edge of the diaphragm 38, are mounted on the outer sideth the main generator terminals 60, 60 their binding means (Sh-theseterminals having connecting; means 62, at the inner side of thediaphragm. The brush holder 46, is connected to one of these terminalsby the flexible lead 63.

It Will be seen that the, diaphragm form of the supporting structure 38,substantial closes oil or-oecludes this end of the motoi casing 1, andeffectually prevents entrance of large cinders into the generator.Provision for enclosing and protecting the parts on the outer side ofthe diaphragm 38, is made by means of the cover 25, that prac ticallycloses this whole end of the generator casing 1; this cover 25, ispivotally mounted on the casing 1, at (35, independently of thediaphragm 38, so as to be readily swung open to a position where it willexpose said parts and not interfere wit 1 removal of said diaphragm, andit is normally held closed through the instrumeniiic'ot men, s 66, ldiacorer 25 allords the parts {()O l protection, since its principalopening is that at its bottom at (3d, which permits ventilation andaccommodates; the main generator leans from the terminals 60 60.

nin or the door-like cover 25, at 01 co .s the alushes 2i, and terminals60. ily accessible on the outer side of the re 38. l i hen access to thearmature esir d 1 e ior t "he brushes 21-, are freely rehis purposealong with the j removable structure 38, upon the mere detachment thelatter from the casing: l, by the removal of its two screws 4:3,-thevarious current leads being; made or. just sullicien't length to permitsaic structure to be lowered out oi the way with- L of any of them. Tofaciliout [etachment removal and replacement of the dia- 24 etc it isphragm 88, with the brushes adiisable to diseng ge the tension spiin xs50. 50, from the outer ends ot the brushes (withom detachment) afterwhich the tree spring ends may rest on the edges of the guide means 1-8,48, where they will press laterally against the brushes just enough tokeep the brushes from slipping inward in the guide means. The brushes24:, and structure 88, having); been thus remove-:l it is a. easy matterto loosen and disengage the armature 6, from the shatt 2. by simplyturning it after blocking the shaft at its other end; and when thusdisengaged, the armature is at once freely removable. If it is desiredto remove the brushes 24., and diaphragm 3S. altogethen-eithor whenremoving; the armature 6, or withoutdisturbi119: the armature.-it onlynecessary to detach it above set forth and disconnect the necessarycurrent leads.

It it be desired to take down the whole erator shell and fields, thiscan he done very expeditiously by merely opening the door and relaxingthe tension on the spriu M lull able to put back the dia 'ihragm plate38, and close the door 25, before taking out the bolts 39.

Certain features of the construction herein shown, involving theremovable diaphragm 3S and the cover 25, are not here claimed, for thereason that they form the subject-matter of my application, Serial No.293,764, filed concurrently with this application.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. An armature mounting comprising a shaft with a tapered section and ascrewthreaded section distinct therefrom, and an armature memberincluding a winding internally tapered to fit upon the tapered shaftsection and a relatively fixed commutator screw-threaded to screw uponthe threaded section.

2. In an electric machine, a shaft having end portions of differentdiameters and an intermediate tapering portion, the shaft portion ofsmaller diameter being threaded at a point adjacent the taperingportion, an armature comprising a pair of hub mem bers, one embracingthe wider en d of the tapering portion of the shaft and the otherembracing the smaller end of the tapering portion and extending alongthe shaft portion of smaller diameter and internally threaded to engagethe threaded portion of the shaft, a commutator carried by the smallerhub member and an armature winding carried upon and between said hubmembers.

3. In an electric machine a shaft having end portions of differentdiameters and an intermediate tapering portion, an armature mounted onthe shaft and having a tapering opening receivin the tapering portion ofthe shaft, a threaded connection between the armature mounting and theshaft, a sleeve embracing the wider end of the shaft and engaging thearmature, a bearing member embracing the sleeve affording a support forthe shaft, and a resilient means engaging the bearing member whereby todisengage the armature mounting from the tapered portion of the shaftafter the armature has been rotated relative to the shaft to an amountsufiicient to disengage their threaded portions so that the armaturemounted may be readily withdrawn from the shaft.

4. In an electric machine a shaft having end. portions of differentdiameters and an intermediate tapering portion, the end of smallerdiameter being threaded for a relatively short distance at a pointadjacent the tapering portion, an armature mounting comprising a hubmember embracing the wider end of the tapering portion, a sec- 0nd hubmember having one end embracing the smaller end of the tapering portionand extending along and iuclosing the smaller end of the shaft, finsformed iniiegrally with the hub members connecting the same andextending radially therefrom. an armature cage slid able endwise oversaid fins and inclosing the same, a commutator mounted upon the end ofthe second hub member. the. latter having a shoulder against which, thecommutator abuts, and an exterior threaded end, and a nut applied tosaid threaded end and engaging the commutator to secure the latter inplace.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name at Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, this 25th day of April, 1919.

LEWIS A. DARLING.

lVitnesses JAMES H. BELL, E. L. FULLERTON.

